jarāmaraṇa

Sanskrit: जरामरण jarāmaraṇa
Pāli: जरामरण jarāmaraṇa
Tibetan: རྒ་ཤི་ rga shi
Thai: ชรามรณะ
English: old age and death, decay and death, ageing-dying

Grammatical information:
samāhāradvandva formed with the words jarā (from the dhātu jṝ) and maraṇa (from the dhātu mr̥)

ข้อมูล ไวยากรณ์ (วฺยากรณ) :
สันสกฤต: ชรามรณ อ่าน: ชะ-รา-มะ-ระ-ณะ
สมาหารทฺวนฺทฺว จากคำว่าชรา (ธาตุ ชฤๅ) และ มรณ (ธาตุ มฤ)

Further information:

This is the last of the 12 limbs of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda) preceded by birth (jāti).

ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม:
ในบริบทของ ปฏิจจสมุปบาท ชรามรณะ(ชรามรณ)เป็นลำดับท้ายสุดซึ่งถัดจาก ชาติ(ชาติ)

Examples:

jarāmaraṇadharmeṣu sarvabhāveṣu sarvadā |tiṣṭhanti katame bhāvā ye jarāmaraṇaṃ vinā ||24||

所有一切法 皆是老死相
終不見有法 離老死有住

| dṅos po thams cad dus kun (2)du | | rga daṅ ’chi ba’i chos yin na || gaṅ dag rga daṅ ’chi med par | | gnas pa’i dṅos po gaṅ źig yod |

If all things at all times are aging and dying phenomena, what things are there which could remain without aging and dying?

(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: <a href="https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119613)">https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119613)</a>

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pūrvaṃ jātir yadi bhavej jarāmaraṇam uttaram |nirjarā maraṇā jātir bhavej jāyeta cāmṛtaḥ ||3||

若使先有生 後有老死者
不老死有生 不生有老死

| gal te skye ba sṅa gyur la | | rga śi phyi ma yin na ni || skye ba rga śi med pa daṅ | | ma śi bar yaṅ skye bar ’gyur |

If birth were before and aging/death after, there would be birth without aging/death and also without dying one would be born.

(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: <a href="https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119671)">https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119671)</a>

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pañca skandhāḥ sa ca bhavo bhavāj jātiḥ pravartate |jarāmaraṇaduḥkhādi śokāḥ saparidevanāḥ ||8||

從有而有生 從生有老死
從老死故有 憂悲諸苦惱| srid pa de yaṅ phuṅ po lṅa | | srid pa las ni skye (3)bar ’gyur || rga śi daṅ ni mya ṅan daṅ | | smre sṅags ’don bcas sdug bsṅal daṅ |

Becoming is the five aggregates; from becoming one is born. Aging, death, torment, lamentation, pain,

(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: <a href="https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119947)">https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119947)</a>

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MS 74a5-6avidyāvyupaśamo yāvaj jarāmaraṇaśokaparidevaduḥkhadaurmanasyopāyāsavyupaśamaḥ |

T 474 536a15-17
滅於不明滅於行 滅於識名色六入更樂痛愛受有 生老死苦一切以滅
T 475 556c11-13
無明畢竟滅故 諸行亦畢竟滅 乃至生畢竟滅故 老死亦畢竟滅
T 476 587a3-4
息除無明乃至老死 息除愁歎憂苦熱惱

Kg ma 237a5-6
ma rig pa rnam par źi ba nas | rga śi daṅ | mya ṅan daṅ | smre sṅags ’don pa daṅ | sdug bsṅal ba daṅ | yid mi bde ba daṅ | ’khrug pa’i bar du rnam par źi źiṅ

Thurman 99
Finally, attaining peace by stopping everything from ignorance to old age, death, sorrow, lamentation, misery, anxiety, and trouble,

(Vimalakīrtinirdeśa: <a href="https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=37&mid=131891)">https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=37&mid=131891)</a>

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kim anena śarīreṇa pūtivisravatā sadā |nityaṃ rogābhi(2)bhūtena jarāmaraṇabhīruṇā |5|

rgyun du nad kyis mṅon gduṅs śiṅ || (2) rtag tu mi gtsaṅ ’dzag pa daṅ ||rga daṅ ’chi bas ’tsher ’grib pa’i || lus ’di dor na cir mi ruṅ ||

What is the use of this body, for ever discharging purulent matter, constantly overwhelmed by disease and dreadful with decay and death. (5)

(Suvarṇavarṇāvadāna: <a href="https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=38&mid=138467)">https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=38&mid=138467)</a>

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skye ba med ciṅ ’chi ’pho ba1 med pa la so sor rtog2 pa’i rjes su ’jug ciṅ |3 rga ba daṅ |4 śi bar ’du śes pa’i sems can rnams la sñiṅ rje ba daṅ |
1. LPST: om. ba 2. DJNS: rtogs 3. DJNPQ: om. | 4. DJNQ: om. |

觀無所生而不退轉。衆生生(16)死則以愍濟。
不證無生法。(26)於生老死衆生悲心不捨

being in accordance with reflection on the absence of birth and death but still having compassion for beings having concepts of old age and death

(jāticyutipratyavekṣānuvartanatāpi jarāmaraṇasaṃjñeṣu satveṣu ca kāruṇyam),

(Mañjuśrīvikrīḍitasūtra: <a href="https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=20&mid=182198)">https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=20&mid=182198)</a>

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jarāmaraṇanāśārthaṃ praviṣṭo ’smi tapovanam |na khalu svargatarṣeṇa nāsnehena na manyunā || 6.15 ||

(16)爲脱生老死 故入1 苦行林
(17)亦不求生天 非無仰戀心
(18)亦不懷結恨 唯欲捨憂悲

1. Tapovana.| skye daṅ ’chi ba ñams don du | | dka’ thub nags tshal rab thob ste || mtho ris (2)skom pas ṅes min źiṅ | | brtse ba med min khros pa min |

and say that I, to escape from birth and age and death, have entered on the wild (forest) of painful discipline,
434. ’Not that I may get a heavenly birth, much less because I have no tenderness of heart, or that I cherish any cause of bitterness, but only that I may escape this weight of sorrow;
15. ‘"I have entered the ascetic-wood to destroy old age and death,--with no thirst for heaven, with no lack of love nor feeling of anger.

(Aśvaghoṣa - Buddhacarita: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=77&mid=244965) ---

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Vaidya p. 177
evam avidyāpratyayāḥ saṃskārā api viviktāḥ, saṃskārapratyayaṃ vijñānam api, yāvaj jātipratyayaṃ jarāmaraṇam api viviktam |

263b7-264a1
chu de dag ñid la sems can rnams kyi sṅon gyi las kyi rnam par smin pas grub pa | rin po che sna bdun rnam par bkra źiṅ blta na sdug pa’i gru dag yod de | der (264a1) sems can dag źugs nas rtse ’ga’ źiṅ dga’ mgur spyod do ||

Conze 1975, corresp. ed. Mitra 1888 p. 358
And so are Karma-formations which are conditioned by ignorance, and so all the links of conditioned co-production, up to decay and death conditioned by birth.

(Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā: <a href="https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=435&mid=714617)">https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=435&mid=714617)</a>

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Eng & San rec Kpv §61; Akṣ 284,6-288,2;
The way of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpādanaya) is like this: formative factors are caused by ignorance; consciousness is caused by formative factors; name and form are caused by consciousness; the six fields of sense-perception is caused by name and form; touch is caused by the six fields of sense-perception; feeling is caused by touch; thirst is caused by feeling; grasping is caused by thirst; existence is caused by grasping; birth is caused by existence; ageing and death, sorrow, lamentation, suffering, depression, and despair are caused by birth. Thus this great mass of utter suffering originates.

(yad uta avidyāpratyayā saṃskārāḥ saṃskārapratyayaṃ vijñānaṃ vijñānapratyayan nāmarūpan nāmarūpapratyayaṃ ṣaḍāyatanaṃ ṣaḍāyatanapratyaya sparśaḥ sparśapratyayā vedanā vedanāpratyayā tṛṣṇā tṛṣṇāpratyayam upādānam upādānapratyayobhavaḥ bhavapratyayā jātiḥ jātipratyayā jjarāmaraṇaśokaparidevaduḥkhadaurmanasyopāyāsāḥ saṃbhavaṃty evam asya kevalasya mahato duḥkhaskandhasya samudayo bhavati)

不空 Amoghavajra A.D. 720-774, T 404 623a17-20
所謂無明縁行行縁識。識縁名色名色縁六處。六處縁觸觸縁受。受縁愛愛縁取。取縁有有縁生。生縁老死憂悲苦惱。由集爲因爲縁。生大苦蘊。

Kj 8th c. A.D.? D mdo sde pa 269b4-6
rten ciṅ ’brel bar ’byuṅ ba’i tshul ni ’di lta ste | ma rig pa’i rkyen gyis ’du byed | ’du byed kyi rkyen gyis rnam par śes pa | rnam par śes pa’i rkyen gyis miṅ daṅ gzugs | miṅ daṅ gzugs (5) kyi khyen gyis skye mched drug | skye mchad drug gi rkyen gyis reg pa | reg pa’i rkyen gyis tshor ba | chor ba’i rkyen gyis sred pa | sred pa’i rkyen gyis len pa | len pa’i rkyen gyis srid pa | srid pa’i rkyen gyis skye ba | skye ba’i rkyen gyis rga śi daṅ | mya ṅan daṅ | smre sṅags ’don (6) ba daṅ | sdug bsṅal pa daṅ | yid mi bde ba daṅ | ’khrug pa rnams ’byuṅ bar ’gyur te | de ltar na sdug bsṅal gyi phuṅ po chen po ’di ’ba’i źiṅ ’byuṅ bar ’gyur ro ||

(Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: <a href="https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=1048&mid=1868498)">https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=1048&mid=1868498)</a>

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Pāli Vin 1 I,§1,2 p. 1
jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti.

Eng Oldenberg
from Birth spring Old Age and Death, grief, lamentation, suffering, dejection, and despair.

ฉบับมหามกุฏราชวิทยาลัย
เพราะชาติเป็นปัจจัย จึงมีชรา มรณะ โสกะ ปริเทวะ ทุกข์ โทมนัส อุปายาส.

ฉบับสยามรัฐ
ชาติปจฺจยา ชรามรณํ โสกปริเทวทุกฺขโทมนสฺสุปายาสา สมฺภวนฺติ

(Pāli Mahāvagga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=820&mid=1407835)